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End-of-Life Vehicles

The End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) Regulation aims to make the automotive sector circular by maximizing resource efficiency and protecting the environment. Every year, over six million vehicles in Europe reach the end of their lifecycle and are treated as waste. Poorly managed ELVs contribute to environmental damage and significant material losses for the European economy.

​Every year, more than six million vehicles in Europe reach the end of their lifecycle and are classified as waste. Improper management of these end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) not only leads to environmental issues but also results in the 
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The automotive manufacturing sector, one of the largest consumers of primary raw materials like steel, aluminum, copper, and plastics, utilizes minimal recycled content. While recycling rates for materials from ELVs are relatively high, the quality of recovered scrap metals remains low, and only a small proportion of plastics is successfully recycled.

Key Objectives

  • Waste Prevention and Resource Efficiency
    • Limit waste from ELVs and their components.
    • Improve the environmental performance of stakeholders involved in the vehicle lifecycle.
  • Circular Economy Principles
    • Promote circular vehicle design to enhance recycling and reuse.
    • Ensure at least 25% of plastic in vehicles is recycled material, including 25% sourced from recycled ELVs.
  • Better Recovery and Recycling
    • Increase the quality and quantity of recovered materials like critical raw materials (CRMs), plastics, steel, and aluminum.
  • Producer Responsibility
    • Make producers financially responsible for vehicles at their end-of-life to fund treatment and incentivize high-quality recycling.
  • Combatting Vehicle Mismanagement
    • Prevent vehicles from going "missing" through improved tracking, stricter inspections, and bans on exporting non-roadworthy vehicles.
  • Broader Coverage
    • Gradually extend EU rules to cover motorcycles, lorries, buses, and other vehicle categories.
  • Every year, more than 6 million vehicles in Europe reach the end of their lifecycle and are classified as waste
  • Loss of millions of tonnes of valuable materials for the European economy, every year

Legislative Framework

  • Current Directive: Directive 2000/53/EC on ELVs sets recycling and recovery targets and limits hazardous substances like lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium.
    • Amendments: Regular updates based on scientific advancements. Delegated Directive 2023/544 introduced updated exemptions for hazardous substances. The EU has also introduced several related rules such as the Directive on the type-approval of motor vehicles regarding their reusability, recyclability and recoverability.

Review

  • Proposed Regulation: A new regulation proposed on 13 July 2023 aligns with the European Green Deal and Circular Economy Action Plan.
    • Proposal: End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation.
    • INCEPTION IMPACT ASSESSMENT 
    • Public Feedback​

In April 2025, the European Parliament’s Environment committee voted to ease the plastics quota to 20 %, with 15 % coming from ELVs, arguing that supply of high-grade recycled polymers remains tight.  National capitals are taking a different tack: a progress report prepared for environment ministers in March 2025 flagged concerns about policing motorcycle disposals but backed the 25 % figure as “technically feasible.” 

On 2 June 2025, the European Parliament sifted through 411 amendments and approved its opinion on the Commission’s proposal by a razor-thin margin--21 votes to 19 out of 40 cast. The Left and Green groups, joined (for opposite reasons) by the Sovereigntists, either opposed the text or abstained.

The vote is expected in plenary later this autumn, under the Council Presidency of Denmark. A trilogue could begin in early 2026, during Ireland’s Presidency. Industry lobbyists privately doubt that a final deal will be reached quickly. In any case, the automotive sector now has a clearer sense of the direction of travel.

Implementation and Monitoring

  • Targets and Data Collection: Member States must annually report reuse, recovery, and recycling rates.
    • Relevant data is accessible on Eurostat.
  • Implementation Reports:
    • Reports cover periods like 2014-2017, 2011-2014, and earlier.

Timeline

  • 13 July 2023: Proposal for the new regulation.
    • Press Release, Factsheet, Q&A.
  • 2021: Evaluation and public consultation on the ELV Directive.
    • Public Consultation.
  • 18 September 2000: Directive 2000/53/EC enters into force.
    • Directive Details.
Back to Waste & Recycling Page
Sources: European Union, http://www.europa.eu/, 1995-2025, 

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